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擺動式液壓缸

擺(bai)(bai)動(dong)式(shi)(shi)液壓缸是輸(shu)出扭矩并實(shi)現(xian)往復運(yun)動(dong)的執行元件，有單葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)、雙(shuang)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)、螺(luo)旋擺(bai)(bai)動(dong)等幾種形式(shi)(shi)。葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)式(shi)(shi)：定(ding)子(zi)塊固定(ding)在缸體(ti)上，而葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)和(he)轉子(zi)連接在一起。根據進油方向，葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)將(jiang)帶動(dong)轉子(zi)作往復擺(bai)(bai)動(dong)。螺(luo)旋擺(bai)(bai)動(dong)式(shi)(shi)又分單螺(luo)旋擺(bai)(bai)動(dong)和(he)雙(shuang)螺(luo)旋兩種，現(xian)在雙(shuang)螺(luo)旋比較常(chang)用，靠兩個螺(luo)旋副(fu)降液壓缸內活塞的直線運(yun)動(dong)轉變(bian)為直線運(yun)動(dong)與自轉運(yun)動(dong)的復he運(yun)動(dong)，從而實(shi)現(xian)擺(bai)(bai)動(dong)運(yun)動(dong)。

液(ye)壓缸(gang)(gang)結構基本上可以分(fen)為缸(gang)(gang)筒和(he)(he)缸(gang)(gang)蓋(gai)、活塞和(he)(he)活塞桿、密封裝置(zhi)、緩沖(chong)裝置(zhi)和(he)(he)排氣裝置(zhi)五(wu)個部(bu)分(fen)。今天威海力(li)建小編著重帶著大家了解一(yi)下缸(gang)(gang)筒和(he)(he)缸(gang)(gang)蓋(gai)。

 缸筒和缸蓋

一般來(lai)說，缸(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)缸(gang)(gang)蓋(gai)的(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)構形(xing)(xing)式和(he)(he)其(qi)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)材料有關。工(gong)作(zuo)壓力p＜10MPa時(shi)，使用(yong)(yong)鑄鐵；p＜20MPa時(shi)，使用(yong)(yong)無(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)；p＞20MPa時(shi)，使用(yong)(yong)鑄鋼(gang)(gang)或(huo)鍛鋼(gang)(gang)。法蘭連(lian)接式，結(jie)(jie)構簡(jian)(jian)單，容(rong)易加(jia)工(gong)，也容(rong)易裝拆(chai)，但外形(xing)(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸和(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)都(dou)較(jiao)(jiao)大，常用(yong)(yong)于鑄鐵制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)缸(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)上。半環連(lian)接式，它的(de)(de)缸(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)壁(bi)部因開了環形(xing)(xing)槽而削弱了強度，為此有時(shi)要(yao)加(jia)厚缸(gang)(gang)壁(bi)，它容(rong)易加(jia)工(gong)和(he)(he)裝拆(chai)，重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)輕(qing)，常用(yong)(yong)于無(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)或(huo)鍛鋼(gang)(gang)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)缸(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)上。螺紋連(lian)接式，它的(de)(de)缸(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)端部結(jie)(jie)構復雜(za)，外徑加(jia)工(gong)時(shi)要(yao)求保證(zheng)內(nei)外徑同心，裝拆(chai)要(yao)使用(yong)(yong)工(gong)具，它的(de)(de)外形(xing)(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸和(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)都(dou)較(jiao)(jiao)小，常用(yong)(yong)于無(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)或(huo)鑄鋼(gang)(gang)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)缸(gang)(gang)筒(tong)(tong)上。拉桿連(lian)接式，結(jie)(jie)構的(de)(de)通用(yong)(yong)性大，容(rong)易加(jia)工(gong)和(he)(he)裝拆(chai)，但外形(xing)(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸較(jiao)(jiao)大，且(qie)較(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)(zhong)。焊接連(lian)接式，結(jie)(jie)構簡(jian)(jian)單，尺(chi)(chi)寸小，但缸(gang)(gang)底處內(nei)徑不易加(jia)工(gong)，且(qie)可能引起變形(xing)(xing)。

、液壓缸低(di)速(su)爬行(xing)的(de)現象

　　液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)缸的(de)活塞桿在油壓(ya)(ya)的(de)作用下伸出或縮回時，經常出現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)速度不均勻現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象，并有時伴有振(zhen)動(dong)和異(yi)響，從而引起(qi)整個液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系統的(de)振(zhen)動(dong)，并帶動(dong)主(zhu)機其它部件振(zhen)動(dong)，在主(zhu)機調試過程中經常出現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，有時速度快了，這種(zhong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象會減輕。除(chu)因(yin)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系統管路引起(qi)這種(zhong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象以(yi)外，液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)缸自身(shen)產生的(de)振(zhen)動(dong)也經常引發此類(lei)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象。

原因分析

液(ye)壓(ya)缸(gang)有(you)桿腔和(he)無桿腔存(cun)有(you)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)而產生的低速爬行，由于氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)混在(zai)液(ye)壓(ya)油中，在(zai)壓(ya)力的作(zuo)用下，容器內體(ti)(ti)積變化，在(zai)高壓(ya)作(zuo)用下甚至發生氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)瞬(shun)間，從(cong)而引起(qi)液(ye)壓(ya)缸(gang)的速度(du)不穩(wen)定。